Author: kiffmeister

The Kiffmeister is a former Senior Financial Sector Expert at the International Monetary Fund.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20240517)

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Expanding the cross-boundary e-CNY pilot in Hong Kong

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) and the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) are expanding the scope of the e-CNY pilot in Hong Kong to facilitate the set up and the use of e-CNY wallets by Hong Kong residents, as well as the top-up of e-CNY wallets through the Faster Payment System (FPS). This marks the world’s first linkage of a faster payment system with a central bank digital currency (CBDC) system. Users can now set up e-CNY personal wallets in Hong Kong, which requires only their Hong Kong mobile phone numbers. The e-CNY wallets can then be used for cross-boundary payments to merchants, but not person-to-person (P2P) transfers. [Read more at the HKMA]

Bank of Ghana completes first Project DESFT proof of concept

The Bank of Ghana (BOG) has reportedly completed the second phase of Project Digital Economy Semi-Fungible Token (DESFT), a joint project with the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The first phase saw the development of the blockchain-based Universal Trusted Credentials (UTC) system that enables micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to efficiently verify authenticity of key information, such as basic credentials, licenses, certificates, and trade records across borders. In the second phase, a cross-border payment was made using UTCs, the eCedi CBDC and a Singapore dollar stablecoin, using the Purpose-Bound Money (PBM) protocol. [Read more at Ghana Business News]

Bank of England digital pound point-of-sale proof of concept

The Bank of England (BOE) has assessed the technical feasibility of using existing point-of-sale (POS) hardware, as currently used in the UK, to initiate digital pound payments. This involved a proof of concept (POC) that used EMV standards to send payment instructions from smart cards to POS devices, and then to an application programming interface (API). It demonstrated that, while existing POS terminals may not need to be modified to make online digital pound payments, they might need to be modified for offline payments. [Read more at the BoE]

Basel Committee publishes report on the digitalization of finance

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published a report that considers the implications of the ongoing digitalization of finance on banks and supervision, including application programming interfaces (APIs), artificial intelligence and machine learning, distributed ledger technology (DLT) and cloud computing. It also considers the role of big techs, fintechs and third-party service providers, and new business models. [Read more at the Bank for International Settlements]

U.S. Senate votes to overturn SEC crypto custody rule

The U.S. Senate voted for a bipartisan resolution to overturn the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) SAB 121, the staff accounting bulletin that requires listed firms, including banks to include assets under custody as both an asset and liability on their balance sheets. Usually, as common sense would suggest, these such assets don’t go on the balance sheet because they belong to the client. The House of Representatives has already passed a similar bill, but the White House has said that it will veto the bill. [Read more at Ledger Insights]

Digital Euro project governance and stakeholder management

And this just popped up on the European Central Bank (ECB) website:

Upcoming Speaking Engagements:

  • CBDC Conference, Istanbul, September 10-12. The conference will offer representatives of central banks, commercial banks, technology providers, policy makers and academics the perfect platform to learn about the latest CBDC developments, exchange ideas with experts and peers. [Find out more and register here][Central bank delegates may be eligible for free registration (email registration@cbdc-conference.com to find out more)]
  • Digital Currency Conference, London, September 23-24. The conference will bring together policymakers, regulators, and technology and innovation experts to network and discuss all aspects of digital currencies. And enter the KiffmeisterDCC code at registration to get a 20% discount! [Find out more and register here]

And just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So (only) if you work at a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank) and who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20240516)

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World Bank partners with SNB and SDX to issue digital bonds

The World Bank will issue the first CHF digital bond by an international issuer to settle in Swiss Franc wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) provided by the Swiss National Bank (SNB). The coupon and redemption payments on the seven-year CHF 200 million bond will be made using tokenized CHF on the SIX Digital Exchange (SDX). The SDX connects to conventional settlement systems such as Euroclear and Clearstream, via SIX SIS, allowing investors to hold the digital bond through their traditional custodians. [Read more at the World Bank]

Banks in Kazakhstan roll out CBDC card services

Adopters of Kazakhstan’s digital tenge retail CBDC who are customers of Altyn Bank, Eurasian Bank and Halyk Bank can apply for virtual and plastic CBDC cards and use them for purchases across Mastercard and Visa global networks. Additionally, they can withdraw cash at ATMs, link their cards to Google Pay, Apple Pay and Samsung Pay, monitor their CBDC card balance and transaction history through mobile banking; and access other related services. [Read more at Finextra]

Cross-border payments with retail central bank digital currencies

The IMF published a paper that draws lessons from ongoing experimentation and research to identify design and policy considerations when developing retail CBDC systems so they may be compatible for cross-border payments. The paper provides an analytical framework through the lens of five interrelated elements: access, communication, currency conversion, compliance, and settlement. For each element, the paper identifies key CBDC design choices, many of which can be tackled in the initial preparation phases. [Read more at the IMF]

Upcoming Speaking Engagements:

  • CBDC Conference, Istanbul, September 10-12. The conference will offer representatives of central banks, commercial banks, technology providers, policy makers and academics the perfect platform to learn about the latest CBDC developments, exchange ideas with experts and peers. [Find out more and register here][Central bank delegates may be eligible for free registration (email registration@cbdc-conference.com to find out more)]
  • Digital Currency Conference, London, September 23-24. The conference will bring together policymakers, regulators, and technology and innovation experts to network and discuss all aspects of digital currencies. And enter the KiffmeisterDCC code at registration to get a 20% discount! [Find out more and register here]

And just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So (only) if you work at a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank) and who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20240515)

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The possible impact of the digital euro on Sweden

Sveriges Riksbank published a paper that assesses the impact of a European Commission legislative proposal to open up the possibility for non-euro countries to allow their citizens and businesses to access digital euro services. It concludes that the impact will be minimal, but a digital euro could increase the need for an e-krona to safeguard the role of the Swedish krona and may have positive effects on the work on an e-krona. By taking advantage of the technology and regulatory framework being developed for a digital euro, the costs and complexity of the work on an e-krona can be reduced. Together with an e-krona, a digital euro could also improve and simplify cross-border payments. [Read more at the Riksbank]

Upcoming Speaking Engagements:

  • CBDC Conference, Istanbul, September 10-12. The conference will offer representatives of central banks, commercial banks, technology providers, policy makers and academics the perfect platform to learn about the latest CBDC developments, exchange ideas with experts and peers. [Find out more and register here][Central bank delegates may be eligible for free registration (email registration@cbdc-conference.com to find out more)]
  • Digital Currency Conference, London, September 23-24. The conference will bring together policymakers, regulators, and technology and innovation experts to network and discuss all aspects of digital currencies. And enter the KiffmeisterDCC code at registration to get a 20% discount! [Find out more and register here]

And just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So (only) if you work at a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank) and who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20240514)

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I’ve updated my tabulation of distributed ledger technology (DLT) based wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) explorers. [Read more at Kiffmeister.com]

First Eurosystem DLT trials for wholesale central bank money settlement

The Eurosystem successfully completed its first experiment in the current batch in settling wholesale transactions tokenized on a DLT platform in central bank money. Oesterreichische Nationalbank tokenized and simulated delivery-versus-payment settlement of government bonds in a secondary market transaction. [Read more at the European Central Bank]

And here are stories that I published in yesterday’s Digest that may not have gone out to everyone on my mailing list:

Few Chinese workers paid in digital yuan choose to use it

Some Chinese cities have begun to pay employees with eCNY but most convert to cash immediately. Ledger Insights points out that this may be because few retail outlets accept it because of the zero acceptance fees paid by merchants, versus the 0.6% paid on other retail digital payment instruments. Apparently, point-of-sale (POS) equipment manufacturers earn a cut of merchant fees, so zero eCNY fees disincentivize conversion of POS equipment. [Read more at Ledger Insights]

El Salvador launches Bitcoin treasury monitoring website

The El Salvador government has launched a proof-of-reserves website to provide real-time on-chain transparency of its Bitcoin holdings. The government currently holds 5,748 Bitcoin currently worth about $350 million. They were bought at an average cost of $43,097 per Bitcoin, for a substantial unrealized profit. [Read more at Coin Telegraph]

Upcoming Speaking Engagements:

  • CBDC Conference, Istanbul, September 10-12. The conference will offer representatives of central banks, commercial banks, technology providers, policy makers and academics the perfect platform to learn about the latest CBDC developments, exchange ideas with experts and peers. [Find out more and register here][Central bank delegates may be eligible for free registration (email registration@cbdc-conference.com to find out more)]
  • Digital Currency Conference, London, September 23-24. The conference will bring together policymakers, regulators, and technology and innovation experts to network and discuss all aspects of digital currencies. And enter the KiffmeisterDCC code at registration to get a 20% discount! [Find out more and register here]

And just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So (only) if you work at a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank) and who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Jurisdictions Where DLT-Based Wholesale CBDC Is Being Explored

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Distributed ledger technology (DLT) based wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilots or proofs-of-concept (POCs) are underway, or have been done/launched in 20 monetary jurisdictions (unchanged from my end-March update). Keep in mind that I don’t count all of the individual national central banks that are part of currency unions (e.g., the Euro Area). If I’m missing anything, or you find mistakes in the tabulation, please let me know in the comments!

wcbdc-explorer-tabulation-portrait-1.pdfDownload

*For those interested in intra-day updates, check out my searchable Diigo Fintech developments database, which is also a good place to go to query for past developments: https://www.diigo.com/user/kiffmeister/ART.

Kiffmeister’s global central bank digital currency monthly monitor

Just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So for any of you out there who work for a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20240513)

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I’ve updated my tabulation of retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) explorers. [Read more at Kiffmeister.com]

Few Chinese workers paid in digital yuan choose to use it

Some Chinese cities have begun to pay employees with eCNY but most convert to cash immediately. Ledger Insights points out that this may be because few retail outlets accept it because of the zero acceptance fees paid by merchants, versus the 0.6% paid on other retail digital payment instruments. Apparently, point-of-sale (POS) equipment manufacturers earn a cut of merchant fees, so zero eCNY fees disincentivize conversion of POS equipment. [Read more at Ledger Insights]

El Salvador launches Bitcoin treasury monitoring website

The El Salvador government has launched a proof-of-reserves website to provide real-time on-chain transparency of its Bitcoin holdings. The government currently holds 5,748 Bitcoin currently worth about $350 million. They were bought at an average cost of $43,097 per Bitcoin, for a substantial unrealized profit. [Read more at Coin Telegraph]

Upcoming Speaking Engagements:

  • CBDC Conference, Istanbul, September 10-12. The conference will offer representatives of central banks, commercial banks, technology providers, policy makers and academics the perfect platform to learn about the latest CBDC developments, exchange ideas with experts and peers. [Find out more and register here][Central bank delegates may be eligible for free registration (email registration@cbdc-conference.com to find out more)]
  • Digital Currency Conference, London, September 23-24. The conference will bring together policymakers, regulators, and technology and innovation experts to network and discuss all aspects of digital currencies. And enter the KiffmeisterDCC code at registration to get a 20% discount! [Find out more and register here]

And just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So (only) if you work at a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank) and who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Jurisdictions Where Retail CBDC Is Being Explored

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102 central banks have recently issued, piloted, experimented with and/or researched retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) not including two that started issuing retail CBDC and then shut the platforms down (Ecuador and Finland). That’s up one since my end-March update (Ethiopia reportedly commencing research). Also I’ve “demoted” Hong Kong from “pilot” to “proof of concept”, since they’re only experimenting with “hypothetical” CBDC and it’s unclear whether there were actual live users involved.

Keep in mind that I don’t count all of the individual national central banks that are part of currency unions (e.g., the European or Eastern Caribbean Currency Unions). If I did the tally would be around the oft-quoted 130+ central banks. If I’m missing anything, or you find mistakes in the tabulation, please let me know in the comments!

rcbdc-explorer-tabulation-portrait.pdfDownload

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20240509)

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HKMA establishes the Project Ensemble Architecture Community

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) has established the Project Ensemble Architecture Community to work with the industry to shape standards and provide suggestions to support the development of Hong Kong’s tokenization market. The Community aims to develop a set of industry standards to support interoperability among wholesale central bank digital currency (WCBDC), tokenized money and tokenised assets. The Community will also assist in the design and implementation of a sandbox to launch by around mid-2024. [Read more at the HKMA]

Upcoming Speaking Engagements:

  • CBDC Conference, Istanbul, September 10-12. The conference will offer representatives of central banks, commercial banks, technology providers, policy makers and academics the perfect platform to learn about the latest CBDC developments, exchange ideas with experts and peers. [Find out more and register here][Central bank delegates may be eligible for free registration (email registration@cbdc-conference.com to find out more)]
  • Digital Currency Conference, London, September 23-24. The conference will bring together policymakers, regulators, and technology and innovation experts to network and discuss all aspects of digital currencies. And enter the KiffmeisterDCC code at registration to get a 20% discount! [Find out more and register here]

And just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So (only) if you work at a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank) and who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20240508)

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Rwanda central bank launches CBDC public consultation

The National Bank of Rwanda (NBR) launched a public consultation on the potential issuance of central bank digital currency (CBDC). A detailed feasibility study, launched in 2023, formed the basis of its approach, that identified four “sweet spots” for a Rwandan CBDC: (i) increase resilience against possible network outages, power failures and natural disasters, (ii) improve innovation and competition, (iii) contribute to achieving the cashless economy national initiative over time, and (iv)develop faster, cheaper, more transparent, and more inclusive crossborder remittances. The consultative paper recommends a cautious iterative approach with multiple proofs of concepts and pilots. [Read more at the NBR]

Digital rupee to get boost from offline feature

Speaking at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Innovation Summit, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das said offline accessibility, which is in the works, will make the digital rupee an attractive choice for retail users. Das said that the digital rupee should have the same benefits as cash – anonymity and finality of settlement. While there is currently a preference for the Universal Payments Interface (UPI) among retail users, Das was hopeful that offline and programmable CBDC will change this going forward. [Read more at the Times of India]

Citi, JP Morgan in SIFMA coordinated US DLT settlement trials

The U.S. Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) will manage a distributed ledger technology (DLT) proof of concept (PoC) involving tokenized deposits, wholesale central bank money, U.S. Treasuries and other tokenized assets on a shared ledger. The goal is to test settlement on a common regulated venue under existing laws by simulating USD delivery versus payment transactions. This will build on a 2023 initiative involving several of the same institutions for the similarly named Regulated Liability Network (RLN). [Read more at SIFMA]

CBDC and the operational framework of monetary policy

The Bank of Spain (BDS) published a paper in February 2024 (that I missed) that analyzes the impact of introducing a CBDC on the operational framework of monetary policy and the macroeconomy as a whole. It is based on a theoretical model that is calibrated to replicate the main monetary and financial aggregates in the euro area. It predicts that CBDC adoption implies a roughly equivalent reduction in banks’ deposit funding, but this has a rather small effect on bank lending to the real economy. This result reflects the parallel impact of a CBDC on a central bank’s operational framework. For relatively moderate CBDC adoption levels, the reduction in deposits is absorbed by an almost one-to-one fall in reserves at the central bank, implying a transition from a ‘floor’ system – with ample reserves – to a ‘corridor’ system. For larger CBDC adoption, the loss of bank deposits is compensated by increased recourse to central bank credit, as the corridor system gives way to a ‘ceiling’ system with scarce reserves. [Read more at the BDS]

Upcoming Speaking Engagements:

  • CBDC Conference, Istanbul, September 10-12. The conference will offer representatives of central banks, commercial banks, technology providers, policy makers and academics the perfect platform to learn about the latest CBDC developments, exchange ideas with experts and peers. [Find out more and register here][Central bank delegates may be eligible for free registration (email registration@cbdc-conference.com to find out more)]
  • Digital Currency Conference, London, September 23-24. The conference will bring together policymakers, regulators, and technology and innovation experts to network and discuss all aspects of digital currencies. And enter the KiffmeisterDCC code at registration to get a 20% discount! [Find out more and register here]

And just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So (only) if you work at a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank) and who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20240507)

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FYI I’ve been quite quiet lately, and that’s simply because there’s been very little to report. Unlike the crypto press, I don’t feel obliged to post every day, just for the sake of getting clicks or views. So don’t worry if I skip a day (or days). I don’t want to waste our time with drivel.

More than 90% of stablecoin transactions aren’t from real users

More than 90% of stablecoin transactions aren’t coming from genuine users, according to VISA and Allium Labs. Their new metric strips out transactions initiated by bots and large-scale traders to isolate those made by real people. Out of about $2.2 trillion in total transactions in April 2024, just $149 billion originated from “organic” payments activity. [Read more at Bloomberg]

Relatedly, this chart from VISA and Allium Labs shows that, despite there being way more USDT (Tether) than USDC (Circle) outstanding, USDC dominates in terms of organic transactions.

Upcoming Speaking Engagements:

  • CBDC Conference, Istanbul, September 10-12. The conference will offer representatives of central banks, commercial banks, technology providers, policy makers and academics the perfect platform to learn about the latest CBDC developments, exchange ideas with experts and peers. [Find out more and register here][Central bank delegates may be eligible for free registration (email registration@cbdc-conference.com to find out more)]
  • Digital Currency Conference, London, September 23-24. The conference will bring together policymakers, regulators, and technology and innovation experts to network and discuss all aspects of digital currencies. And enter the KiffmeisterDCC code at registration to get a 20% discount! [Find out more and register here]

And just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So (only) if you work at a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank) and who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at john@kiffmeister.com.