Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260602)

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MoneyGram Launches MGUSD Stablecoin (MoneyGram)

MoneyGram announced the launch of its MGUSD U.S. dollar stablecoin to underpin its global remittance and payments network. MGUSD is framed as an infrastructure layer integrated into a self-custodial wallet in the MoneyGram app, initially in the United States, using Bridge as regulated issuer, M0 smart contracts and Stellar for settlement, with Fireblocks providing custody. Unresolved are regulatory treatment across markets, interoperability with other stablecoins and systems, and how issuance and reserves will be supervised at scale. [MoneyGram]

Advancing Digital Payments in Bhutan (ADB)

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) published an assessment of Bhutan’s digital payment infrastructure that included an update on Bhutan’s Royal Monetary Authority (RMA) central bank digital currency (CBDC) projects, both retail and wholesale. The aim is to provide more accessible and secure financial services to a broader population, including underserved communities, and streamline cross‑border transactions, including by reducing the need for correspondent banking relationships and simplifying currency conversion processes in international trade. However, the ADB found that there are gaps in existing financial services regulations and payment systems rules will need to be addressed first. [ADB]

Call for Expressions of Interest to Participate in the Appia Contact Group (ECB)

The European Central Bank (ECB) is inviting financial market stakeholders and public sector bodies to express their interest in participating in the Appia Contact Group Appia CG). The Appia project is aimed at enabling the settlement of distributed ledger technology (DLT) transactions using tokenized central bank money (CeBM) via a unified settlement ecosystem. It runs alongside the Pontes project, aimed at settling DLT transactions using API-based trigger and hash-link mechanisms and dedicated DLT cash wallets funded from TARGET accounts, which has its own contact group. The Appia CG will contribute to the Appia roadmap and advise on the operation and evolution of the Pontes pilot. Membership targets future users, contributors to Appia, relevant value‑chain actors, and industry associations. National central banks and selected European authorities participate as observers; the group is chaired and serviced by the European Central Bank and meets quarterly, with work outputs generally published. [ECB]

The ECB Publishes List of Digital Euro Steering Committee Members (ECB)

The European Central Bank (ECB) published the members of the Eurosystem’s High-Level Task Force on Digital Euro, which steers the digital euro project and reports to the ECB’s Governing Council. It is made up of members from national central banks of the Eurosystem. [ECB]

BTW if you want to see a complete database of my DFC-related posts going back years, including many that didn’t make the Daily Digest cut, click here.

FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260531)

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From Lottery Draws to Fiscal Spending, China Broadens Digital Yuan Footprint (Reuters)

Reuters published an article that argues China is accelerating efforts to embed the digital yuan in domestic fiscal operations and cross-border trade as part of a broader push to reduce dollar dependence. The piece details new People’s Bank of China incentives that treat digital yuan balances as deposit liabilities, sharpen bank performance metrics around e‑CNY accounts, and expand pilots into lottery payouts, prepaid cards, budgetary spending, medical insurance controls, and green electricity tracking. The article highlights structural constraints, including the small transactional base relative to UnionPay and tepid foreign demand, and notes that cross‑border ambitions via platforms such as mBridge face counterparties’ limited willingness to adopt the currency, leaving the pace of yuan internationalization uncertain. [Reuters]

Why Tokenized Finance Needs Open, Testable, Verifiable Evidence of What Actually Moves (X)

Mike Rogers posted an essay on X that argues that tokenized finance must be judged by empirically verifiable capital movement, not by issuance, branding, or architectural claims, in a context where tokenization is migrating from pilots to “infrastructure” rhetoric. It highlights a measurement gap: faster, intraday tokenized collateral and money market fund structures can move between legacy end‑of‑day reporting snapshots, making velocity and reuse harder to observe with existing regulatory frames. The author criticizes the field’s reliance on stock metrics and “permission structure” signals (legal setup, institutional papers, conferences) as proxies for realized flow, and proposes a “turnover framework” and “evidence lane” that insist on reconstructable, externally testable records of what moved, when, under what authority, and with what settlement proof. The core unresolved issue is whether major tokenization initiatives will expose sufficient, standardized, independently inspectable movement data to substantiate claims about liquidity, collateral efficiency, and settlement gains. [X]

BTW if you want to see a complete database of my DFC-related posts going back years, including many that didn’t make the Daily Digest cut, click here.

FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260529)

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Reserve Bank of India Updates on its CBDC Pilot Programs (RBI)

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) published its 2025–26 Annual Report in which it provided updates on its multiple retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilots tied to direct benefit transfer (DBT) schemes. These included using programmable retail CBDC to distribute food subsidies. Beneficiaries in Gujarat, Puducherry, and Chandigarh received subsidies in CBDC form that could be redeemed only for eligible goods at designated merchants, demonstrating the technology’s ability to target and restrict spending. The RBI views programmability as a key feature for public-sector use cases and plans to extend CBDC pilots to additional DBT programs and broader domestic retail applications during 2026–27. [RBI]

The RBI also reported on its wholesale CBDC pilots. During 2025–26 it developed the Unified Markets Interface (UMI), a platform designed to support tokenized financial assets while using wholesale CBDC for settlement. A pilot involving tokenized certificates of deposit was launched on the platform. The RBI also advanced cross-border wholesale CBDC work through cooperation with Singapore and the UAE and by joining BIS Innovation Hub initiatives Project Rialto and Project Mandala. Looking ahead, it plans additional tokenization pilots, broader participation in UMI-based experiments, and the operationalization of bilateral cross-border CBDC pilots with selected use cases. [RBI]

Eurosystem Moves Toward Extending T2 Operating Hours (ECB)

The European Central Bank (ECB) is proposing a phased extension of TARGET (Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer) operating hours, in the context of growing instant payments, cross‑border payment reforms and forthcoming distributed ledger technology (DLT) and digital euro services. In the short term it will (i) automatically remunerate excess reserves on all TARGET current accounts, including TARGET Instant Payment Settlement (TIPS) dedicated cash accounts, (ii) introduce rule‑based floor‑ and ceiling‑driven automated liquidity transfers between TIPS cash accounts and main cash accounts via Central Liquidity Management (CLM), and (iii) add a brief weekend TARGET window for liquidity transfers, without changing value‑dating. Medium‑ to long‑term options include near‑24/7 CLM, near‑24/5 real-time gross settlement, later cut‑off times and weekend opening of the Eurosystem Collateral Management System, with open questions on liquidity and run risk when markets are closed, collateral and staffing costs, cyber risk and the alignment of remuneration and value-dating. [ECB].

Research Project on the Master Plan Development for Pacific Island Countries (Fortience)

[March 22, 2026] Fortience (QUNIE) published selection results stating that, under Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry “Global South Future‑Oriented Co‑Creation” program, ABeam Consulting had been chosen for a “Research Project on the Master Plan Development for the Introduction of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) for Cross-Border Payments in Pacific Island Countries.” The RFP window had run from 7 October to 1 November 2024, and the contract’s implementation period was defined as approximately one year from signing, capped at 28 February 2026, implying that most substantive work should have been completed before the March 2026 announcement. The description notes the use of Soramitsu’s blockchain and cites countries “such as Tonga, Samoa, and Cook Islands,” but no master plan, technical design, or central‑bank response linked to this project has been published. [Fortience]

FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260527)

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Project Agorá: A Shared Programmable Platform for Wholesale Cross-Border Payments (BIS)

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) published an update on Project Agorá, a public-private collaboration convened by the and the Institute of International Finance (IIF). It proposes a two-layer distributed ledger platform for wholesale cross-border payments, combining tokenized central bank reserves with tokenized commercial bank deposits linked via smart contracts. The architecture explicitly preserves correspondent banking and the two-tier monetary system — a design choice that limits ambition considerably, since the structural inefficiencies of correspondent chains (nostro prefunding costs, corridor de-risking, access inequality) remain largely intact. The principal claimed advantages — atomic settlement eliminating credit risk, and parallel rather than sequential compliance processing — are real but narrow, and address wholesale volumes where settlement failures are costly rather than the access and cost problems motivating the G20 reform agenda. FX settlement and liquidity-saving mechanisms are out of scope. Governance arrangements, settlement finality across jurisdictions, cybersecurity at production scale, and coordinated financial crime information-sharing are all unresolved, leaving the prototype considerably further from deployment than the report’s tone suggests. [BIS]

FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260525)

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Tether and the Government of Georgia to Launch GEL₮ Stablecoin (Tether)

Tether plans to launch GEL₮, a Georgian Lari stablecoin, with the support of the Government of Georgia, under Georgia’s new stablecoin framework, which was designed to achieve substantive compatibility with emerging U.S. stablecoin regulation. GEL₮ is intended to support cross-border commerce and domestic digital payments, but key design details remain undisclosed, including the legal issuer, reserve location, redemption mechanics and launch timeline. The initiative aligns with the National Bank of Georgia’s March rules on “stable virtual assets” that apply to registered virtual asset service providers and aim to improve consumer protection and risk management. GELT would join Tether’s growing set of non-dollar stablecoins alongside Mexican peso and offshore yuan tokens and a planned United Arab Emirates dirham token. [Tether]

Georgia Central Bank Update on CBDC Plans (NBG)
[August 7, 2025] In the 2025 edition of its 2023-2025 Supervisory Strategy, the National Bank of Georgia (NBG) provided an update on its plan to initiate a digital GEL central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot program. In collaboration with a technology partner selected by the NBG, practical use cases identified by the NBG will be tested, after which the digital GEL will be implemented in a real environment based on the insights gained from the pilot program. In November 2023, the NBG had selected Ripple as its digital GEL technology partner following a competition process, but given the long time between that announcement and the August 2025 update, one has to wonder whether Ripple is still in the picture. [NBG]

FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260524)

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Agentic Commerce and the Battleground for New Payments Infrastructure (BoE)

A post on the Bank of England (BoE) “Bank Underground) blog explores how agentic commerce could reshape future payment design. Agentic commerce shifts retail payments from human‑initiated, low‑frequency transactions to AI‑initiated, high‑frequency, low‑value flows that span multiple payment rails. The post maps four emerging layers—agent communication, payment initiation, identity assurance and settlement rails—but stresses current standards are proprietary and non‑interoperable across card, account‑to‑account and blockchain systems. This fragmentation creates design problems around consistent human‑agent identity, support for micro‑payments at scale, and enforcing deterministic legal requirements in probabilistic AI environments. The post argues for an abstraction layer that lets agents complete checkouts regardless of rail, and raises the policy question of whether a central authority should mandate common identity and interoperability standards for agentic payments, while remaining technologically neutral across cards, stablecoins and tokenized deposits. [BoE]

Despite Trump’s Pledge, a CBDC is Being Explored Behind Closed Fed Doors, Says Former CTFC Chair (CoinDesk)

Former CFTC Chairman Timothy Massad argues that, despite public denials, the Federal Reserve is in practice working on central bank digital currency (CBDC) type infrastructure, including through its participation in the Bank for International Settlements’ Project Agora. He characterizes U.S. involvement in such tokenized wholesale settlement experiments as evidence that officials are effectively developing CBDC rails “behind closed doors,” even while insisting that a retail digital dollar is not on the Fed’s agenda. In a clumsily written January 2025 Executive Order, U.S. President Trump prohibited the Fed from undertaking any action to establish, issue, or promote CBDCs, and ordered the termination of any ongoing plans or initiatives related to the creation of a CBDC. Unfortunately the Order encompassed both retail and wholesale CBDC which, in theory, means that Fed should shut down all account services it provides to U.S. banks. The language defining the type of CBDC to be banned in the Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act that is currently bouncing around the U.S. Congress is more refined, focusing on CBDC that is widely available to the public. [CoinDesk]

FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260521)

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EC Seeks Feedback on the Functioning of EU Crypto-Asset Rules (EC)

The European Commission (EC) launched a consultation to evaluate whether the Markets in Crypto‑Assets Regulation (MiCA), implemented in 2024, remains fit for purpose given rapid changes in digital asset markets and global regulation. It seeks feedback on MiCA’s core building blocks, including rules for crypto‑assets, asset‑referenced tokens, e‑money tokens, their issuers and service providers. There is an open public consultation and a more technical targeted consultation for industry and public authorities. Responses are invited until August 31, 2026 and will inform future European Union (EU) policy on digital assets. [EC]

ECB Receives over 50 PSP Applications to Participate in Digital Euro Pilot (ECB)

The European Central Bank(ECB) announced that it has received over 50 applications to participate in the twelve-month digital euro pilot scheduled to begin in the second half of 2027. Applications came from both acquiring and distributing payment service providers (PSPs) and small and large banks from across the euro area. It will use a non‑legal‑tender “beta” digital euro in a controlled environment to test technical, operational and user experience (UX) aspects of P2P (online/offline) and P2B payments at physical and online points of sale. PSPs will onboard users and merchants without remuneration. The ECB will now review the applications and announce the outcome in July. [ECB via LinkedIn]

The Future of Tokenisation – A Joint Vision from the BOE and FCA for Wholesale Markets (UK FCA)

The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and Bank of England issue a call for input on a joint roadmap to scale tokenisation across U.K. wholesale markets, with responses due 3 July 2026. They seek views on: where tokenisation delivers the highest marginal benefit; whether their proposed regulatory principles and priority areas are appropriate; how far existing rules impede tokenised issuance, trading, and settlement; and where interoperability (domestic and cross‑border) standards matter most for firms. The paper also requests detailed feedback on safeguarding frameworks for specified investment cryptoassets, including how to structure client‑asset protection, legal title, and fungibility when tokenised and non‑tokenised forms coexist. Finally, they ask industry to comment on the proposed sequencing and content of initiatives (Digital Securities Sandbox, prudential alignment, central bank money settlement, DIGIT pilot), and to flag concrete product pipelines or experiments where early supervisory engagement would unlock investment. [UK FCA]

FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260518)

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RBA and DFCRC Release Findings From Project Acacia (RBA)

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and Digital Finance Cooperative Research Centre (DFCRC) published a report detailing the findings of Project Acacia, which examined how innovations in digital money and settlement infrastructure could support the development of wholesale tokenized asset markets in Australia. They tested 20 wholesale tokenized asset use cases across fixed income, repos, and managed funds. Atomic settlement, programmability, and composability benefits were demonstrated across asset classes, estimating A$24 billion in annual economic gains. Pilot wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) proved feasible on third-party distributed ledger technology (DLT) platforms but raised governance, finality, and liquidity fragmentation challenges. Real-time gross settlement (RTGS) synchronization mechanisms delivered comparable benefits at lower complexity. Deposit tokens are assessed as more suitable than stablecoins for wholesale settlement given prudential backing, though interbank transferability and deposit insurance scheme coverage require legislative clarification. They identified legal and regulatory uncertainty, coordination gaps, and interoperability as scaling barriers, motivating a post-Acacia program including a digital financial market infrastructure sandbox, expanded deposit token work, and RBA settlement infrastructure consultations. [RBA]

The University of Toronto Press published a book by lawyer and law professor Benjamin Geva on the evolution of money from barter to coins, banknotes, scriptural money, electronic money, and digital currencies. Of course, this has all been covered elsewhere, but what makes this book unique, is the deep, yet very readable, focus on legal aspects, particularly from the perspective of the Canadian monetary regime. The latter includes a thorough history going back to New France’s use of agricultural commodities and playing cards as money, to Bank of Canada explorations of both retail and wholesale central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). The book also extensively covers the legal aspects of virtual currencies, particularly stablecoins, and digital bearer instruments (DBIs). Interestingly, Geva makes a case for DBIs as the optimal Canadian retail CBDC as a path of least resistance through the Bank of Canada and Currency Acts, plus several architectural, economic, and privacy advantages over account-based platforms. He also singles out synthetic CBDCs as an optimal solution for achieving uniformity of money in a framework allowing competition. The book ends by addressing the challenges faced by the current monetary system as the digital age continues to evolve and become more decentralized. [To order the book, click here]

I am honored to have been given the opportunity to contribute a chapter to the soon-to-be released book, Tokenisation of Money: From Fiat Currencies to Stablecoins, published by Springer! Expertly edited by Prof. Selim Yazıcı, Prof. C. Coşkun Küçüközmen, and Dr. Michael Salmony, it serves as a critical handbook for navigating the profound transformation of the global financial services industry. At a time when there is substantial confusion regarding new digital instruments, this book distinguishes reality from hype across the dimensions of CBDCs, stablecoins, and tokenized deposits. In my contribution, I provide an overview and reality check on global retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments. The book will be available via digital platforms by the end of May and you can pre-order the hard cover version here: https://link.springer.com/book/9783032229458!

FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260517)

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The Evolution and Future of Money in Canada (Benjamin Geva)

The University of Toronto Press published a book by lawyer and law professor Benjamin Geva on the evolution of money from barter to coins, banknotes, scriptural money, electronic money, and digital currencies. Of course, this has all been covered elsewhere, but what makes this book unique, is the deep, yet very readable, focus on legal aspects, particularly from the perspective of the Canadian monetary regime. The latter includes a thorough history going back to New France’s use of agricultural commodities and playing cards as money, to Bank of Canada explorations of both retail and wholesale central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). The book also extensively covers the legal aspects of virtual currencies, particularly stablecoins, and digital bearer instruments (DBIs). Interestingly, Geva makes a case for DBIs as the optimal Canadian retail CBDC as a path of least resistance through the Bank of Canada and Currency Acts, plus several architectural, economic, and privacy advantages over account-based platforms. He also singles out synthetic CBDCs as an optimal solution for achieving uniformity of money in a framework allowing competition. The book ends by addressing the challenges faced by the current monetary system as the digital age continues to evolve and become more decentralized. [To order the book, click here]

The Moneyness of Stablecoins (Odinet Tosado and Yadav)

In a forthcoming Yale Law Journal article, C. Odinet, A. Tosado and Y. Yadav develop a four-element legal framework for “moneyness” and apply it to stablecoins before and after the U.S. GENIUS Act. Moneyness requires conjunctive adequacy across the nature and substance of the claim, safety, discharge capacity, and negotiability, with deficiency in any element undermining the whole. The authors deconstruct the contractual and reserve structures of dominant issuers (Tether and Circle) to show that redemption is conditional and limited by privity, holders lack proprietary interests in backing reserves, and bankruptcy treatment remains ambiguous. These deficiencies matter because they force holders to assess both issuer and custodian solvency, undermine finality in payment discharge, and expose claimants to credit risk incompatible with money’s core function of circulating at par without investigation. The GENIUS Act of 2025 mandates reserve requirements and redemption frameworks but fails to resolve key vulnerabilities. It compels reliance on third-party custodians rather than Federal Reserve accounts, contains internally contradictory bankruptcy provisions, and provides no finality rules specifying when transfers extinguish obligations. The authors propose five targeted reforms; Federal Reserve master account access for qualifying issuers, industry-funded insurance, a secured interest regime replacing flawed bankruptcy rules, statutory finality provisions for both direct and intermediated transfers, and express tokenization of redemption rights. [Odinet Tosado and Yadav]

I am honored to have been given the opportunity to contribute a chapter to the soon-to-be released book, Tokenisation of Money: From Fiat Currencies to Stablecoins, published by Springer! Expertly edited by Prof. Selim Yazıcı, Prof. C. Coşkun Küçüközmen, and Dr. Michael Salmony, it serves as a critical handbook for navigating the profound transformation of the global financial services industry. At a time when there is substantial confusion regarding new digital instruments, this book distinguishes reality from hype across the dimensions of CBDCs, stablecoins, and tokenized deposits. In my contribution, I provide an overview and reality check on global retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments. The book will be available via digital platforms by the end of May and you can pre-order the hard cover version here: https://link.springer.com/book/9783032229458!

FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.