Tag: DepositTokens
Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260812)
BRICS Countries Discussing Linking CBDCs and Fast Payment Systems (Nagaland Post)
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Sanjay Malhotra reportedly said that BRICS nations are discussing linking central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and fast payment systems (FPSs) to facilitate cheaper and faster cross-border funds transfers. The BRICS countries are Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Governor Malhotra also reportedly said that efforts are on to internationalize the rupee, including by expanding the number of memorandums of understanding (MoUs) between central banks that it signs for promoting bilateral trade in local currencies. At present, India and the RBI have signed such agreements with Indonesia, Maldives, Mauritius and the UAE. [Nagaland Post]
India to Launch CBDC-Based Direct Benefit Transfer POC in Chandigarh and Dadra & Nagar Haveli (GOI)
The Government of India (GOI) will launch programmable central bank digital currency (CBDC) based direct benefit transfers (DBTs) under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY) food subsidy program in the Territories of Chandigarh and Dadra & Nagar Haveli on August 14. With the launch of this scheme the subsidies will be transferred to eligible PMGKAY beneficiaries in the form of programmable digital rupee tokens directly into their CBDC wallets, instead of via traditional bank account transfers. This subsidy can be used to purchase food grains from listed merchants through a secure , trackable, and real-time digital payment system. The aim is to ensure transparent and thorough distribution of public funds , while also reducing leakages , embezzlement, and cash transactions associated with traditional subsidy distribution mechanisms. It will facilitate quick and secure transfer of benefits to beneficiaries and promote financial inclusion through simple wallet-based transactions. This initiative builds on pilots carried out earlier in 2026 in Puducherry and Gujarat, and is envisioned as a proof-of-concept for the nation and a scalable template for adoption by other states and territories. [GOI]
Tokenized Deposits: Old Wine in New Bottles? (SUERF)
SUERF published a policy note by Alistair Milne that argues tokenized deposits offer little operational novelty over conventional account-based deposits, since the automation, programmability, and 24/7 processing attributed to distributed ledger technology are equally achievable on centralized ledgers. Decentralization’s only distinct capability is pseudonymous transfer without intermediaries—which banks are not pursuing. Tokenized deposits’ genuine appeal is confined to “on-us” transactions on a single bank’s balance sheet, avoiding interbank settlement complexity. JP Morgan’s Kinexys, adopted for corporate multi-currency cash management, exemplifies this, but reflects business logic rather than ledger technology. Milne characterizes bank tokenization efforts as a defensive marketing response to the stablecoin threat. Open questions include whether interoperability initiatives such as UK Finance’s tokenized sterling deposits project can generate domestic adoption incentives, and whether capital markets tokenization—requiring 100% reserving and settlement-asset recognition—warrants separate assessment. [SUERF]
BTW if you want to see a complete database of my DFC-related posts going back years, including many that didn’t make the Daily Digest cut, click here.
FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.
Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260806)
Bank of Korea Establishes Asset Tokenization Unit (Yonhap Infomax)
The Bank of Korea has reportedly established a dedicated asset tokenization unit under its Digital Currency Office as part of a regular mid‑year personnel reshuffle. The unit will lead efforts to tokenize assets, initially focusing on government bonds issued and distributed on a unified ledger integrating wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC), bank deposits, and tokenized assets. This builds on “Project Hangang,” whose first real‑transaction phase ran from April to June 2025 and whose second phase will start in the second half of 2026 with more participating banks and enhanced functionality. The Korean government’s “2026 Second Half Economic Growth Strategy” also announces a government bond tokenization pilot linked to wholesale CBDC. [Yonhap Infomax]
Some backfilling of stablecoin stories I missed in June:
Open Standard Introduces Open USD Stablecoin (Open Standard)
[June 30, 2026] Open Standard announced Open USD, a consortium‑governed, zero‑fee stablecoin infrastructure for high‑volume, internet‑scale payments, responding to perceived economic and governance constraints in incumbent issuer models. The announcement highlights three pillars: free minting and redemption at any volume, pass‑through of reserve income to partner institutions net a small management fee, and governance via an independent company whose board is drawn from those partners. A large set of global banks, card networks, payment processors, technology platforms, and crypto firms have committed to integrate or support Open USD, positioning it as shared rails rather than proprietary product. The project’s significance lies in its attempt to reallocate stablecoin seigniorage and formalize multi‑firm governance, with unresolved issues around regulatory treatment, reserve composition, risk management, and actual decision‑making power distribution. [Open Standard]
Japan’s Three Largest Banks Aim for Joint Stablecoin Issue by March 2027 (Coin Desk)
[June 10, 2026] Japan’s three largest banking groups plan to issue a jointly branded yen stablecoin by March 2027, under a trust-bank structure backed by Japan’s Financial Services Agency and ruling party support for yen tokens. Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG), Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMBC) and Mizuho Financial Group will form a council to design the operational framework, act as joint settlors, and appoint a trust bank or similar institution as trustee, indicating a balance-sheet-light, segregated-assets model aligned with Japan’s stablecoin law. This will create a regulated, large-scale yen stablecoin in a market currently dominated by U.S dollar tokens and where yen stablecoins remain below $50 million outstanding, with the leading token JPYC at around $18 million. Key unresolved issues are detailed operational design, legal treatment under evolving stablecoin rules, and how participation will extend beyond the initial three banks. [Coin Desk]
BTW if you want to see a complete database of my DFC-related posts going back years, including many that didn’t make the Daily Digest cut, click here.
FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.
Protected: Kiffmeister’s Digital Currency Monitor, July 2026
Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260724)
Tokenisation of Money: From Fiat Currencies to Stablecoins has been officially published by Springer. This book brings together the expertise of more than 30 leading international authors from central banks, commercial banks, fintech companies, academia, technology providers, legal practice, and international organizations. Together, they provide diverse perspectives on the technological, economic, regulatory, legal, and operational dimensions of tokenized money. I contributed a chapter on retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments. [Springer]
Expansion of South Korean Deposit Token-Based Payment Infrastructure Project [KISA]
South Korea’s Internet & Security Agency (KISA) and its Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology (MSIT) have launched a 9.6 billion won project to operationalize wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC)-based deposit tokens for retail and public-sector payments, extending the Bank of Korea’s Project Hangang pilot into commercial use. The scheme connects existing banking and payment rails to wholesale CBDC infrastructure, allowing nine banks, eight payment firms and selected merchants to support deposit token wallets and potentially cards without replacing point-of-sale hardware. Authorities frame this as a cost-reduction and transparency play for small merchants and government spending, with plans to link programmable deposit tokens to the dBrain public finance platform and business expense programs. Key unresolved issues include scaling compliance and fraud controls for commercialization and how deposit tokens will coexist with separately regulated won stablecoins. [KISA]
BTW if you want to see a complete database of my DFC-related posts going back years, including many that didn’t make the Daily Digest cut, click here.
FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.
Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260720)
Bank of Korea Accelerates Commercialization of Deposit Tokens (Yonhap News)
The Bank of Korea (BOK) is reportedly accelerating commercialization of deposit tokens under Phase 2 of Project Hangang, with real-transaction testing expected to resume as early as September 2026, as legislative progress on a won-denominated stablecoin has stalled. Phase 1 (April–June 2025) enrolled 81,000 participants and recorded 114,880 transactions; Phase 2 expands participating banks from seven to nine, adds peer-to-peer transfers, biometric authentication, and broader merchant coverage. A government pilot will test purpose-bound deposit tokens for electric vehicle charging subsidies to prevent fraudulent disbursements. A separate Ministry of Finance and Economy initiative will pilot government bond tokenization linked to the BOK’s institutional central bank digital currency next year. Passage of enabling Digital Assets Act legislation remains unresolved. [Yonhap News]
BTW if you want to see a complete database of my DFC-related posts going back years, including many that didn’t make the Daily Digest cut, click here.
FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.
Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260707)
The Shift in China’s CBDC (Digital Yuan) Policy and Key Implications (JRI)
Japan Research Institute (JRI) published a paper that analyzes China’s decision in late 2025 to shift the digital yuan (e‑CNY) from a non‑interest‑bearing central bank digital currency (CBDC) to an interest‑bearing commercial bank liability integrated into reserve requirements and deposit insurance (i.e., functionally a tokenized deposit). It argues this redesign aims to align bank balance‑sheet incentives, move usage toward corporate and cross‑border payments, and better plug into the mBridge cross‑border infrastructure as part of a strategy to deepen renminbi‑denominated settlement outside the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) system. Unresolved issues include whether this deposit‑based model can achieve scale amid entrenched super‑app payments, opaque mBridge usage, and continued constraints on non‑official digital currencies in China. [JRI]
Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms and Fragmentation (BIS)
The BIS published a paper by Eidan, Frost, Kansal, Lewrick, Lim and Rybarczyk that argues permissionless blockchains are structurally driven toward fragmented, specialized infrastructures rather than a unified financial market infrastructure, in the context of rising crypto and stablecoin use. The paper links heterogenous consensus mechanisms and token incentive structures to distinct equilibria across layer 1 and layer 2 networks, which fragment liquidity horizontally and vertically. It shows that mitigation tools—bridges, native multi‑chain issuance, shared middleware and interoperability protocols—reduce frictions but recreate concentrated trust, governance and operational nodes. A key unresolved issue is how to design standards and regulatory perimeters that reduce fragmentation while preserving competition and cross‑border interoperability. [BIS]
A Money View of Offline Payment Functionality (SSRN)
G+D’s Lars Hupel has updated his “money view” offline payments paper, arguing that offline-capable retail payment systems should use a single issuer, not multiple bank issuers, in the context of CBDC and fast payment system design. The paper compares central bank CBDC, a multi-issuer commercial bank token model, and a single-issuer model for offline value transfer; it finds that multi-issuer offline tokens create foreign-liability, fungibility, and counterparty-risk problems, while a single-issuer structure more closely preserves cash-like bearer behavior. The policy significance is that offline functionality can be built without a central bank-issued instrument, but only if issuance, prefunding, settlement access, and anti-money-laundering controls are centralized enough to preserve finality and risk management. [SSRN]
BTW if you want to see a complete database of my DFC-related posts going back years, including many that didn’t make the Daily Digest cut, click here.
FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.
Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260702)
A Unified Ledger in Practice: Lessons from Project Hangang (BoK)
Bank of Korea (BoK) Governor Hyun Song Shin presented a paper outlining the experiences and implications of “Project Hangang” at the ECB Forum on Central Banking in Sintra, Portugal. The paper argues that Hangang shows a unified ledger can implement tokenized reserves and deposits at scale while preserving a two‑tier monetary system and singleness of money, but only via specific architectural choices and unresolved institutional reforms. The project runs a permissioned digital currency system with wholesale central bank money natively issued on-ledger, burn‑and‑issue interbank transfers, and a strict separation of fungible currency tokens from a programmable voucher layer. Phase I demonstrated live retail and programmable public‑voucher use cases for around 80,000 users, but with crude, offline reconciliation to BOK‑Wire+ and pre‑funded liquidity. Phase II scales to ongoing operation and fiscal disbursements, while future work centers on tokenized government bonds, 24/7 intraday liquidity and cross‑border linkage via Project Agorá, contingent on clarifying the legal status of wholesale claims and the integrated liquidity framework. [ECB]
Financial Market Infrastructures Evolution in a Tokenized Economy (IMF)
The IMF published a paper by Cabedo, Mancini-Griffoli, Schar and Zhang that argues tokenization will reconfigure, rather than eliminate, financial market infrastructures by shifting deterministic lifecycle functions into smart contracts while preserving institutional responsibility for governance, legal certainty, and discretionary risk management. The paper maps issuance, clearing, settlement, and reporting onto single, common, and compatible ledger architectures, showing where atomic on‑chain execution can replace current post‑trade processes and where off‑chain or multi‑ledger coordination still dominates. It highlights new risks—smart‑contract design failures, oracle and bridge dependencies, governance concentration, and privacy trade‑offs—alongside persistent needs for central counterparties, depositories, and trade repositories to manage defaults, loss mutualization, finality, and supervisory access. The central unresolved issue is how law and regulation will define authoritative ledgers, recognize blockchain settlement, and specify accountable entities in hybrid FMI models. [IMF]
Protected: Kiffmeister’s Digital Currency Monitor, June 2026
Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20260622)
Bank of England Policy Statement and Draft Rules on Regulating Systemic Stablecoins (BoE)
The Bank of England (BoE) published a policy statement and draft code of practice for systemic stablecoin issuers, reflecting extensive engagement with industry and stakeholders that resulted in targeted revisions to the proposals consulted on in 2025. The maximum share held in short-term U.K. government debt has been increased from 60% to 70%, with the remainder in central bank deposits. Also, a temporary issuance guardrail will apply to each systemic stablecoin, initially set at £40 billion, dropping the holding limits (£20,000 on individuals and £10 million on corporations) proposed in the 2025 draft. However, the BoE will ban issuers (directly or indirectly) from paying interest or dividends directly to users for simply holding stablecoins, but will permit activity-based rewards, similarly to the U.S. CLARITY Act currently winding its way through Congress. The BoE is also considering offering a backstop lending facility for eligible, solvent, and viable systemic stablecoin issuers, which would allow them to borrow against short-term sterling-denominated UK government debt securities in a limited set of circumstances. [BoE]
Bank of Korea Digital Currency to Connect with Bank Account Networks (Electronic Times)
Korea’s Electronic Times reports that, as part of Project Han River Phase 2, participating banks are integrating deposit-token infrastructure with their core banking ledgers inside the Bank of Korea (BOK) Naver Cloud test environment. Under the architecture, the BOK issues wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC) to banks as the interbank settlement asset, while banks issue deposit tokens that users spend via bank-app wallets. The new work links deposit tokens to core deposit, transfer, and accounting systems, including interest accrual and payment, and builds treasury-voucher systems for programmable government subsidy disbursement. Sources frame this as a pre-institutionalization step, moving from “can it settle payments” to “can it run inside production banking systems.” [Electronic Times]
BTW if you want to see a complete database of my DFC-related posts going back years, including many that didn’t make the Daily Digest cut, click here.
FYI I produce a monthly digest of digital fiat currency (DFC) developments exclusively for the official sector (e.g., central banks, ministries of finance and international financial institution (e.g., the BIS, IMF, OECD, World Bank)) plus academics and firms that are active in the DFC space (commercial banks, technology providers, consultants, etc.). (DFCs include central bank digital currency (CBDC), stablecoins and tokenized deposits.) It goes out via email on the first business day of every month, and if you’re interested in being on the mailing list, please email me at john@kiffmeister.com.