Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20221102)

November 2, 2022November 2, 2022 ~ kiffmeister

Project Mariana: CBDCs in automated market makers

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Innovation Hub, Banque de France, Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and Swiss National Bank launched Project Mariana, to investigate the use of decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols to automate FX trading and settlement. The project will explore the use of automated market makers (AMMs) for the cross-border exchange of hypothetical CHF, EUR and SGD wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC). AMMs combine smart contracts with pooled liquidity to price and transfer digital assets automatically. [Read more at the BIS]

MAS Completes Its First Digital Asset Live Trades Under Project Guardian

The MAS’s Project Guardian DeFi-based wholesale funding platform completed its first live trades, with DBS Bank, JP Morgan and SBI Digital Asset Holdings conducting live foreign exchange and government bond transactions against liquidity pools comprising of tokenized Singapore and Japanese government bonds, Japanese Yen (JPY) and Singapore Dollar (SGD). More industry pilots have been launched to test the application of asset tokenization and DeFi across a broader range of use cases in the financial sector. [Read more at the MAS]

Singapore Starts Two New Token Pilots With Standard Chartered, HSBC and Others

The MAS is starting two pilot projects to explore trade finance and wealth management product tokenization. The trade finance project will be led by Standard Chartered, and the wealth management product one involves HSBC, UOB, and Marketnode, a digital asset platform built by the Singapore Exchange and Temasek. [Read more at the MAS]

India’s CBDC makes glitch-free start in the world of real-time trades

India’s wholesale CBDC reportedly made a steady and glitch-free start in the world of real-time trades on its first day (November 1, 2022), with several banks using the virtual money backed by Mint Road to settle nearly 50 government bond transactions cumulatively worth about Rs 275 crore. [Read more at the Economic Times]

Kiffmeister’s Global Central Bank Digital Currency Monthly Monitor

Just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So for any of you out there who work for a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at chronicles@kiffmeister.com.

The CBDC Think Tank is a New York-based technology- and vendor-agnostic digital currency knowledge-sharing hub for staff of central banks, international financial institutions (IFIs) and non-government organizations (NGOs). It runs webinars, workshops, and masterclasses to disseminate knowledge and facilitate communication. It also engages in advisory work, focusing on delivering impact that best aligns with the needs of its clients and the forward progress of human civilization. The CBDC Think Tank welcomes requests from central bank officials for CBDC advisory services. [click here for more information].

Satoshi Capital Advisors is a New York-based, global advisory firm that works with central banks, governments, and the private sector to architect, implement, and operate varying initiatives. Satoshi Capital Advisors’ central bank work revolves around CBDC architecture and implementation, providing advisory services from research phase through to growth phase. Utilizing a product-market fit and technology agnostic approach to CBDC architecture and implementation enables Satoshi Capital Advisors to build tailored solutions, bespoke to local financial system nuances. Satoshi Capital Advisors welcomes requests from central bank officials for virtual and in-person CBDC workshops. [Click here for more information]

WhisperCash offers the first fully offline digital currency platform that has the same properties as physical cash. It can perform secure consecutive offline payments without compromising on security, privacy or accessibility. WhisperCash allows direct person to person offline payments without any server infrastructure or internet connectivity. It comes in various form factors including the self-contained credit card-sized “Pro” that sports an eInk screen and capacitive keyboard, and lasts for two weeks between recharges assuming a few transactions per day. [Click here for more information]

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20221020)

October 20, 2022October 20, 2022 ~ kiffmeister

BoE looking for help with its offline CBDC research and PoC work

The Bank of England is looking for a specialist supplier to help them with their offline central bank digital currency (CBDC) research and proof of concept (PoC) work. The process of applying is a bit wonky because thy’ve delegated it to the UK government’s digital supplier procurement system, and if you or your firm are not already on their supplier list, tough luck. And tough luck for the Bank too, because the “supply” of offline digital currency experts is rather thin, and most probably aren’t already be on the list. [Read the RFP here and the list of suppliers here]

Israeli government to trial blockchain bonds with stock exchange TASE

The Israeli Ministry of Finance and the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) announced plans for a proof of concept to issue government bonds using blockchain. Protocol developer VMWare and custody provider Fireblocks will be part of this Project Eden. The blockchain system will be developed by TASE and involve live tests with local and international banks, with settlement using digital currency in an Israeli state e-wallet. [Read more at Ledger Insights]

Nubank launches its own cryptocurrency running on Polygon

Brazil’s Nubank is launching Nucoin, its own cryptocurrency on the Polygon blockchain network in the first half of 2023. It will be distributed free of charge to customers as the basis for the creation of a rewards program in Brazil. Polygon is an Ethereum scaling blockchain that enhances the functionality of Ethereum while retaining the base layer’s security and decentralization. [Read more at Nubank]

UK to introduce legislation conferring legality on digital documents on blockchain

The UK government has introduced has introduced a new bill into Parliament that bestows legal status on paperless documentation used in international trade. Under the Electronic Trade Documents Bill, digital trade documents will be put on the same legal footing as their paper-based equivalents to give UK business more choice and flexibility in how they trade. The Bill will reduce admin costs, make it easier for British firms to buy and sell internationally, and cut processing times for electronic documents to 20 seconds. [Read more on the UK government website]

API standards for data-sharing (account aggregator)

This BIS Consultative Group on Innovation and the Digital Economy (CGIDE) report presents three models for data sharing: centralised, decentralised and trust – and develops the user interactions and their data flows. Additionally, the report presents account aggregator functionality and possible arrangements for implementation in the open finance ecosystem. Finally, it shows the successful implementation of a demo based on a microservices architecture that promotes high availability, scalability and resilience. [Read more at the BIS]

Tornado Cash Is not free speech. It’s a Golem

Henry Farrell and Bruce Schneier argue that tying free speech arguments to the cause of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) like Tornado Cash imperils some of the important free speech victories that were won in the past. But the risks for everyone might be even greater if that argument wins. A world where democratic governments are unable to enforce their laws is not a world where civic spaces or civil liberties will thrive. [Read more at Lawfare]

Kiffmeister’s Global Central Bank Digital Currency Monthly Monitor

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20221012)

October 12, 2022October 12, 2022 ~ kiffmeister

My posts this week may get a bit spotty, as I’ll be in Washington DC for the Georgetown University DC Fintech Week, the CBDC Think Tank Summit, and various activities around the International Monetary Fund / World Bank Annual Meetings.

CBDC Manifesto: Design recommendations for a retail CBDC

The Digital Euro Association (DEA) and the CBDC Think Tank (CBDC TT) announced the CBDC Manifesto at the CBDC Summit 2022 in Washington DC. The document was developed by the DEA, the CBDC TT, and world-leading CBDC experts. The Manifesto proposes five major central bank digital currency (CBDC) design recommendations which can be used as a guide by central banks to devise an optimal CBDC development plan. [Read more at CBDCManifesto.com]

BIS Innovation Hub and Bank Indonesia announce winners of G20 TechSprint

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and Bank Indonesia today announced the winners of the G20 TechSprint 2022 challenge. This year’s competition was launched in April to catalyse new technologies that would better enable the development and future use of CBDC. From 21 shortlisted teams the three winners were: [Read more at the BIS]

Team Dragonfly Fintech Pte Ltd from Singapore won the “Effective and robust means to issue, distribute and transfer CBDCs” category for their solution End-to-End CBDC Solution, which is a proprietary blockchain ledger with unique in-built features and includes a mobile wallet and digital identity platform.
Team Bitt-IDEMIA from the US won the “Enabling Financial Inclusion” category for their solution Secure Offline CBDC Payment Solution, which is a platform that allows monetary authorities to launch interoperable CBDCs while also leveraging on a layer-2 solution to enable offline payments.
Team Partior from Singapore won the “Improving interoperability” category for their solution Project Naucratis: Enabling Connectivity & Interoperability for mCBDC, which is a blockchain-based multi-CBDC network that supports both account-based and token based CBDC models.

European Parliament Ratifies MiCA Framework in Landslide Vote

“The long-awaited Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) regulation has just scaled through the European Parliament as MPs voted massively in favor of the bill. the bill received a 28:1 vote to scale, completing the tripartite deal needed to push the bill into its next implementation phase.” [Read more at Blockchain News]

Banque de France participates in a new wholesale central bank digital currency experiment with SWIFT

The Banque de France has joined a consortium of 14 banks and market infrastructures launched by SWIFT, to conduct a new central bank digital currency (CBDC) experiment for interbank settlement purposes. The objective of the experiment is to issue cross-border payments in a test environment to study the interoperability between different distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) and existing payment systems. These payments will be made in simulated CBDC issued by the participating central banks. [Read more at the Banque de France]

SEC Rejects WisdomTree Bitcoin Spot ETF Application—Again

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rejected Cboe BZX Exchange’s latest application for a spot Bitcoin exchange traded fund (ETF) launch, on grounds similar to those cited in multiple applications before it. The decision follows two previous delays on the company’s application decision, and the denial of a former application from WisdomTree in December on the exact same grounds. [Read more at Decrypt]

Grasping De(centralized) Fi(nance) Through the Lens of Economic Theory

The Bank of Canada published a paper that uses a simple stylized model of collateralized lending to analyze the value proposition and limitations of decentralized finance (DeFi). DeFi uses a decentralized ledger to run smart contracts that automatically enforce the terms of a lending contract and safeguard the collateral. DeFi can lower the costs associated with intermediated lending and improve financial inclusion. Limitations are the volatility of the crypto collateral and stablecoins used for settlement, the possible incompleteness of smart contracts and the lack of a reliable oracle. A proper infrastructure reducing such limitations could improve the value of DeFi. [Read more at the Bank of Canada]

US Treasury Fines Bittrex Exchange $29m for Multi-Year Sanctions Violation

U.S.-based cryptocurrency trading platform, Bittrex Has been fined $29 million by the U.S. Treasury Department through the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). According to the OFAC announcement, the trading platform “failed to prevent persons apparently located in the Crimea region of Ukraine, Cuba, Iran, Sudan, and Syria from using its platform to engage in approximately $263,451,600.13 worth of virtual currency-related transactions between March 2014 and December 2017.” [Read more at Blockchain News]

Kiffmeister’s Global Central Bank Digital Currency Monthly Monitor

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20221010)

October 10, 2022 ~ kiffmeister

FSB outlines next steps for enhancing cross-border payments

The Financial Stability Board (FSB) published the priority themes for the next phase of work under the G20 Roadmap for Enhancing Cross-Border Payments. The FSB also published a report on the progress made during the second year of the Roadmap. Three priority themes have been identified to focus on in the next phase; (i) payment system interoperability and extension, (ii) legal, regulatory and supervisory frameworks, and (iii) cross-border data exchange and message standards. The plan includes steps to strengthen external engagement during this next phase. [Read more at the FSB]

Here are some specifics of the next steps from the progress report:

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in collaboration with International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank will organize a conference to share information and encourage collaboration on cross-border payments across (planned) CBDC implementations by March 2023. Additionally, the IMF and World Bank will provide technical assistance on how to facilitate cross-border use of CBDC if requested.
The Committee for Payments and Markets Infrastructure (CPMI) will consider whether and how the use of well-designed and risk-managed stablecoin arrangements could enhance cross-border payments by addressing existing frictions, what opportunities and challenges this would entail, and how this could impact central banks’ core functions.

ECB seeks scheme rulebook manager for the digital euro

The European Central Bank (ECB) Directorate General Market Infrastructure and Payments is looking for a senior expert from the payments industry to coordinate the group that will draft a potential digital euro scheme rulebook, i.e. a set of rules for payment transactions with a digital euro. [Read more at the ECB]

EU tenders for blockchain data and DeFi project

The European Commission has reportedly put out a tender for a study on embedded supervision of decentralised finance. The study will entail a six month pilot project to develop, deploy and test a technological solution that would enable regulatory bodies to automatically monitor compliance by reading public blockchain data. [Read more at FinExtra]

First Digital Securities Issuances Go Live in Germany

Clearstream created the first digital instrument on D7, Deutsche Börse’s digital post-trade platform. The first automated issuances were performed by LBBW and Vontobel. D7 is fully integrated within Clearstream’s global infrastructure and works as a connector between established networks and digital capabilities. This will provide a fully digital alternative to conventional physical issuance for about 80% of German securities. [Read more at MarketsMedia]

Kiffmeister’s Global Central Bank Digital Currency Monthly Monitor

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20220924)

September 24, 2022September 24, 2022 ~ kiffmeister

What’s next for DAOs? Breaking down the CFTC’s latest enforcement action

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) has filed a lawsuit against Ooki DAO in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The complaint alleged that the Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) was an unincorporated association involved in unlawful activity. This complaint has broad implications for the crypto industry. There are now 2,276 DAOs, which control about $10 billion of crypto in a wide array of blockchain-based financial tools. [Read more at]

PBOC to expand e-CNY trials to four entire provinces

The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) will reportedly expand its e-CNY trials to Guangdong, Jiangsu, Hebei and Sichuan provinces. Deputy Governor Fan Yifei, reportedly said the number of users, merchants and transactions is “steadily growing”, but he did not provide details. [Read more at the South China Morning Post]

Bitcoin was almost named Netcoin by Satoshi Nakamoto

Historical data of domain name purchases suggest that Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin (BTC), had an alternate naming option in mind that did not make it to the whitepaper. Bitcoin.org, the website domain linked to the original Bitcoin, was created on August 18, 2008, a day after the creation of Netcoin.org using the same registrar. [Read more at CoinTelegraph]

Tickets available for CBDC Think Tank masterclass

The CBDC Think Tank, in partnership with the IMF and George Washington University, is hosting a full-day in-person CBDC Masterclass on October 12 in Washington DC for “official sector” staff and academics active in the CBDC / digital currency space only. The sessions are designed as instructional deep dives with full presentations and Q&A components. Tickets are $99. [Register here]

Also, the CBDC Think Tank, in partnership with Georgetown University and the DC FinTech Week, is hosting a FREE (also in-person) Digital Currency Lecture Series, a set of digital currency lightning talks delivered by subject matter experts, on October 14 in Washington DC. [Request an invite here]

Kiffmeister’s Global Central Bank Digital Currency Monthly Monitor

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20220919)

September 19, 2022 ~ kiffmeister

After all this effort, crypto-assets are just tech stocks

Bloomberg’s Joe Weisenthal makes the same point I’ve been making for many months. “Basically [crypto-assets are] just tech stocks. Not only are the coins trading in line with each other still, they’re still basically trading in line with the Nasdaq 100… What does this all mean? One possibility is that the marginal crypto-asset buyers just doesn’t care about any of this stuff. Proof-of-work? Proof-of-stake? The merge? Inflation hedging? The halving? Deflationary monetary policy? What’s all that stuff? In other words, it’s possible that there’s a small coterie of people paying attention to any of this. And that what’s really driving price is just the animal spirits of a much larger group of speculators, who are also moving the price of Zoom or Tesla or Meta or whatever else. [Read more on Twitter]

Are interest rate swaps the next frontier of decentralized finance?

Decentralized finance (DeFi) is expanding into the world of interest rate swaps (IRS), a derivative instrument for exchanging fixed and variable interest rates. DeFi firm Voltz Labs has launched a non-custodial automated market making (AMM) IRS trading platform based on the Aave and Compound DeFi USDT, USDC, DAI and ETH lending markets. However, IRS AMMs are challenged by DeFi markets’ lack of fixed-rate products off which to price swaps. (Traditional markets offer variable- and fixed-rate products off which to arbitrage each other.) [Read more about the Voltz protocol here]

New data on the e-levy in Ghana: unpopular tax on mobile money transfers is hitting the poor hardest

Ghana introduced a 1.5% tax (“E-levy”) on mobile money transactions in May 2022, in a country where 40% of the population aged 15 and above use mobile money platforms. It has been justified as a way to reduce aid dependence, and to capture informal economy workers. An International Centre for Tax and Development (ICTD) paper finds that the overall effect of the E-levy is highly regressive with users in the bottom income quintile paying the largest share as a proportion of their income, especially home-based informal workers. However, a 100 cedi/day (equivalent to about $10/day) taxation threshold has provided some relief. [Read more at the ICTD]

Tickets available for CBDC Think Tank masterclass

Kiffmeister’s Global Central Bank Digital Currency Monthly Monitor

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20220917)

September 17, 2022 ~ kiffmeister

Ether’s New ‘Staking’ Model Could Draw SEC Attention

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chair Gary Gensler reportedly has said that staked crypto-assets may be subject to federal securities regulations, in the wake of Ethereum’s transition from a proof-of-work (PoW) to proof-of-stake (PoS) protocol. He reportedly said that PoS crypto-assets pass the Howey test under which an asset is considered an “investment contract” if investors pledge their money to a common enterprise with an expectation of a profit to be derived from the efforts of others. Adam Levitin runs through the Howey test logic that would deem Ethereum to now be a security for SEC purposes. [Read more at the WSJ]

Some U.S. banks pause crypto custody because of SEC approach to custody accounting

In April 2022, the U.S. SEC published guidance about how corporations should account for the custody of crypto-assets on behalf of clients. The SEC says these crypto-assets should appear as both an asset and a liability, whereas the custody of conventional assets does not touch a balance sheet. Although the Basel Framework considers custody outside its scope, if banking regulators concur with the SEC’s position, crypto custody could become expensive for banks. In fact, Reuters is now reporting that some U.S. banks are rethinking plans to offer crypto custody services. [Read more at Ledger Insights]

Thai SEC Proposes Banning Crypto Businesses From Staking and Lending Activities

The Thai Securities and Exchange Commission is seeking public comments on a proposal to prohibit businesses from crypto staking and lending activities. More specifically, businesses cannot accept “deposits of digital assets from the customers and lend, invest, stake or employ such digital assets.” Moreover, they are prohibited from “providing support to third parties that undertake crypto saving and lending services, including marketing.” [Read more at Bitcoin.com]

Tickets available for CBDC Think Tank masterclass

Kiffmeister’s Global Central Bank Digital Currency Monthly Monitor

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20220715)

July 15, 2022July 15, 2022 ~ kiffmeister

For those receiving this via email, please excuse the glitches that are occurring this week. I’ve moved servers and I’m still trying to get MailChimp to play nicely with it.

Circle’s Detailed Reserve Report Shows Only Cash, Short-Term Treasurys Back USDC Stablecoin

Circle Internet Financial released a detailed – though unaudited – breakdown of its reserve assets for the firm’s USD coin (USDC) that showed $42.1 billion in short-term U.S. government bonds and $13.6 billion in cash. The breakdown also listed the bonds’ individual CUSIP number identifiers. The cash was comprised of deposits at Bank of New York Mellon, Citizens Trust Bank, Customers Bank, New York Community Bank, Signature Bank, Silicon Valley Bank, Silvergate Bank and US Bancorp. [Read more at CoinDesk]

Saudi Arabia Has Massive Crypto Adoption, Says KuCoin Survey

According to a KuCoin survey in May, around 3 million Saudi Arabians, about 14% of the adult population aged 18 to 60, had become crypto investors. Another 17% of respondents said they are likely to invest in crypto over the next six months. [Read more at Inside Bitcoins]

Celo network back online after almost 24-hour outage

Proof-of-stake- based blockchain Celo suffered from an on-and-off network outage for 24 hours on July 14. It was the network’s first outage since the mainnet launch in April 2020. Celo is an open-source blockchain that enables users with phone numbers to make payments with crypto by using their phone numbers as a proxy for public keys. [Read more at CoinTelegraph]

Crypto collapse: Celsius’ real liabilities and fake assets, Voyager still bankrupt, 3AC owns CryptoDickButt #1462

Another excellent update from Amy Castor and David Gerard on the continuing CeFi/DeFi train wreck. [Read more at the Attack of the 50 Foot Blockchain]

Upcoming events I’m affiliated with:

The CBDC Think Tank, in partnership with the International Monetary Fund and George Washington University, is hosting a full-day in-person CBDC Masterclass on October 12 in Washington DC. The sessions are designed as instructional deep dives with full presentations and Q&A components. [Register here]

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20220714)

July 14, 2022July 15, 2022 ~ kiffmeister

For those receiving this via email, please excuse the glitches that are occurring this week. I’ve moved servers and I’m still trying to get MailChimp to play nicely with it.

Environmental Implications of a Central Bank Digital Currency

The World Bank has published a paper that explores the environmental implications of central bank digital currency (CBDC) and highlights ecological footprint differences between CBDC and other payment methods. As the legitimacy of CBDC is backed by the trust of central banks, it does not need to prove its legitimacy through energy-intensive consensus or mining mechanisms, so its energy consumption is low. CBDC can also be designed to use various systems, such as real time gross settlement systems, distributed ledger technology, or a mixture of both. [Read more at the World Bank]

Celsius Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy

Celsius Network, the crypto lender that is facing a liquidity crisis, has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. It suspended withdrawals on June 12, cut jobs and hired restructuring experts to advise on its financial situation.
Celsius says it has $167 million in cash on hand, enough to “support certain operations during the restructuring process.” [Read more at Celsius Network]

Upcoming events I’m affiliated with:

Kiffmeister’s #Fintech Daily Digest (20220710)

July 10, 2022 ~ kiffmeister

Paxos Becomes First Stablecoin Issuer to Disclose Full Monthly Reserve Holdings Backing

Paxos will now disclose on a monthly basis the specific financial instruments backing its USDP and BUSD stablecoins, in addition to its attestations. These reports will provide the CUSIP numbers of all instruments backing USDP and BUSD, showing that Paxos only backs its stablecoins with cash, overnight loans secured only by US Treasuries, and US Treasuries with a less than 90 day maturity. As a Trust Company chartered by the New York State Department of Financial Services, Paxos is legally required to hold all regulated stablecoin reserves in bankruptcy remote, fully-segregated accounts and in only cash and cash equivalents. [Read more]

The Financial Bubble Era Comes Full Circle

Matt Taibbi asks some tough questions about the sanctity of the reserve assets that back Circles USDC stablecoin, and the issue of bankruptcy remoteness. Circle is unlike some competitors, whose user agreements specifically spell out that reserves are, say, “fully backed by US dollars held by Paxos Trust Company, LLC,” or “custodied pursuant to the Custody Agreement entered into by and between you and Gemini Trust Company, LLC.” Those describe trust agreements, which are truly bankruptcy remote. However, Circle is not a trust, so customers are guarded only by protections afforded under state money transmission laws. However, Circle is only regulated as a money transmitter in the states where Circle has licenses, and the firm has obtained licenses only in those states were licenses are required. There are other reasons to be concerned as a USDC hodler, and I recommend reading the whole post. [Read more]

See also this Twitter thread which wonders aloud whether customer funds held by other US “money transmitters” like PayPal, Square and Venmo are truly bankruptcy remote!? [Read more]

Why Stablecoins Fail: An Economist’s Post-Mortem on Terra

This article from the Richmond Fed dives into potential answers to these questions about the failed Terra UST stablecoin. UST was backed by LUNA, but the price of LUNA was backed by its option value of converting to UST. When the confidence of this circular backing is shaken, the liquidity of algorithmic stablecoin becomes flighty. In this case, the algorithm does not fully function because Terra needs to (but can’t always) defend both UST and LUNA. When market liquidity evaporated, UST and LUNA ultimately relied on the issuer’s equity to support the prices, similar to the backing of a more traditional currency as seen in the Asian Financial Crisis. It is the part of economics cannot be replaced by technology. [Read more]

Crypto collapse: 3AC, Voyager, Celsius, and other DeFi casualties: Another great summary of the growing DeFi Dead Pool by Amy Castor and David Gerard. [Read on…]

Upcoming events I’m affiliated with: