A central bank digital currency for offline payments
The Bank of Canada (BoC) published an article that considers the pros and cons of offline central bank digital currency (CBDC). An offline CBDC would allows users to transact while none of them are connected to the internet and could complement bank notes. A balance must be struck between compliance, security requirements and user needs, for example, by limits on holdings, transaction amounts and the duration of offline functionality. The article mentions that, while some central banks have deployed offline devices as part of pilots, no commercial, turn-key solutions are available to implement lengthy and indeterminate (“extended”) offline functionality. I don’t know what is meant by “commercial turnkey solutions” but a number of production-ready solutions offer extended offline functionality, such as those of Crunchfish, G+D, IDEMIA and WhisperCash. Also, those firms would disagree with the article’s assertion that “adopting a security posture in terms of limits, controls and functionality, where risks are sufficiently mitigated, is still a challenge for technology available today”! But otherwise it’s good to see a G20 central bank advocating for offline CBDC functionality, which I view as essential to successful CBDC take-up in many countries. [Read more at the BoC]
FATF agrees on action plan to drive implementation of global crypto norms
The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has agreed on an action plan to drive the “timely implementation” of its global standards for crypto. The FATF noted that many countries have failed to implement its norms, including the “travel rule,” which requires virtual asset services providers (VASPs) to collect and share information of crypto transactions. FATF published its updated standards for crypto in 2019, but last June, it said only 11 of 98 surveyed jurisdictions were enforcing the travel rule and urged them to act faster. In that regard the FATF’s plenary agreed to a road map to strengthen implementation of FATF standards on virtual assets and VASPs, which will include a stocktaking of global current levels of implementation to e published in the first half of 2024. [Read more at the FATF]
Coinbase launches layer 2 blockchain Base to provide on-ramp for Ethereum, Solana and others
Coinbase launched Base, a layer 2 network built using Optimism’s OP Stack, to attract millions of new crypto users in the coming years. Coinbase is joining Optimism as a core developer on the open-source OP Stack, a developer toolkit for the Optimism network, the firm said. However, Base will not be limited to Ethereum, it will also provide easy and secure access to layer 2 networks such as Optimism, as well as other blockchains ecosystems like Solana. [Read Noel Acheson’s “Crypto is Macro” for why this may be important]
Classifying digital assets with a new framework
Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) collaborated with Coin Metrics and Goldman Sachs to develop the framework, which classifies digital assets according to what they are primarily used for. It is hierarchical with three levels of classifications: classes, sectors, and subsectors. [Read more at the Visual Capitalist]
Upcoming conferences, webinars and speaking engagements:
- I’ll be providing a (probably virtual) update on global central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments at the Digital Euro Association Digital Euro Conference on March 31 in Frankfurt. [Register here]
- I’ll be moderating a panel on “what happens when the lights go out…different schemes for offline functionality” at the in-person Digital Currency Conference (DCC) in Mexico City on May 18. [Register here]
Kiffmeister’s global central bank digital currency monthly monitor
Just a reminder that I produce a monthly digest of central bank digital currency (CBDC) developments exclusively for the official sector. So for any of you out there who work for a central bank, ministry of finance or international financial institution who would like to receive it by email on the first business day of every month, please DM me on LinkedIn or email me at chronicles@kiffmeister.com.
The Sovereign Official Digital Association (SODA) is a technology-agnostic firm offering advisory services at the intersection of central banking, digital finance and the web3 industry, aiming to make public digital money a reality. SODA believes institutions in the existing financial ecosystem should have access to the tools and resources they need to move from discussion to action. SODA offers ‘real life’ use cases to help test digital money and drive adoption as central banks and other public institutions explore the future of a more financially inclusive world powered by interoperable blockchain-based networks. SODA would love you to join us on this journey – please get in touch (chris@sodapublicmoney.org).
Satoshi Capital Advisors is a New York-based, global advisory firm that works with central banks, governments, and the private sector to architect, implement, and operate varying initiatives. Satoshi Capital Advisors’ central bank work revolves around CBDC architecture and implementation, providing advisory services from research phase through to growth phase. Utilizing a product-market fit and technology agnostic approach to CBDC architecture and implementation enables Satoshi Capital Advisors to build tailored solutions, bespoke to local financial system nuances. Satoshi Capital Advisors welcomes requests from central bank officials for virtual and in-person CBDC workshops. [Click here for more information]
WhisperCash offers the first fully offline digital currency platform that has the same properties as physical cash. It can perform secure consecutive offline payments without compromising on security, privacy or accessibility. WhisperCash allows direct person to person offline payments without any server infrastructure or internet connectivity. It comes in various form factors including the self-contained credit card-sized “Pro” that sports an eInk screen and capacitive keyboard, and lasts for two weeks between recharges assuming a few transactions per day. [Click here for more information]
